1600 AD
John Napier and Napier's Bones

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In the early 1600s, a Scottish mathematician called John Napier invented a tool called Napier's Bones, which were multiplication tables inscribed on strips of wood or bone.

Napier, who was the Laird of Merchiston, also invented logarithms, which greatly assisted in arithmetic calculations.

Napier's Bones
Napier's Bones.

Courtesy of IBM

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John Napier
John Napier.

Copyright (c) 1997. Maxfield & Montrose Interactive Inc.

In 1621, an English mathematician and clergyman called William Oughtred used Napier's logarithms as the basis for the slide rule (Oughtred invented both the standard rectilinear slide rule and the less commonly used circular slide rule). However, although the slide rule was an exceptionally effective tool that remained in common use for over three hundred years, like the abacus it also does not qualify as a mechanical calculator.

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See also:

Leonardo da Vinci's mechanical calculator

Wilhelm Schickard's mechanical calculator

Blaise Pascal's Arithmetic Machine

Gottfried von Libniz's Step Reckoner

The invention of the abacus

The invention of the slide rule

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These notes are abstracted from the book Bebop BYTES Back
(An Unconventional Guide to Computers)
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